استاندارد ASTM E290 در خصوص نحوه انجام تست خمش و جزییات آن

استاندارد ASTM E290

در خصوص نحوه انجام تست خمش و جزییات آن

نسخه 2013

10 صفحه

Standard Test Methods for
Bend Testing of Material for Ductility

Scope
1.1 These test methods cover bend testing for ductility of
materials. Included in the procedures are four conditions of
constraint on the bent portion of the specimen; a guided-bend
test using a mandrel or plunger of defined dimensions to force
the mid-length of the specimen between two supports separated
by a defined space; a semi-guided bend test in which the
specimen is bent, while in contact with a mandrel, through a
specified angle or to a specified inside radius (r) of curvature,
measured while under the bending force; a free-bend test in
which the ends of the specimen are brought toward each other,
but in which no transverse force is applied to the bend itself
and there is no contact of the concave inside surface of the
bend with other material; a bend and flatten test, in which a
transverse force is applied to the bend such that the legs make
contact with each other over the length of the specimen.
1.2 After bending, the convex surface of the bend is
examined for evidence of a crack or surface irregularities. If
the specimen fractures, the material has failed the test. When
complete fracture does not occur, the criterion for failure is the
number and size of cracks or surface irregularities visible to the
unaided eye occurring on the convex surface of the specimen
after bending, as specified by the product standard. Any cracks
within one thickness of the edge of the specimen are not
considered a bend test failure. Cracks occurring in the corners
of the bent portion shall not be considered significant unless
they exceed the size specified for corner cracks in the product
standard.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
standard. Inch-pound values given in parentheses were used in
establishing test parameters and are for information only.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish

appropriate safety and health practices and determine the

applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

API 609:2010-Butterfly Valves: Double-flanged, Lug- and Wafer-type

32 صفحه پی دی اف

API 609:2010-Butterfly Valves: Double-flanged, Lug- and Wafer-type

استاندارد ASTM G181 در خصوص Conducting Friction Tests of Piston Ring and Cylinder Liner Materials Under Lubricated Conditions

استاندارد ASTM G181

در خصوص

Standard Test Method for

Conducting Friction Tests of Piston Ring and Cylinder Liner Materials Under Lubricated Conditions

نسخه 2011

10 صفحه

Scope
1.1 This test method covers procedures for conducting
laboratory bench-scale friction tests of materials, coatings, and
surface treatments intended for use in piston rings and cylinder
liners in diesel or spark-ignition engines. The goal of this
procedure is to provide a means for preliminary, cost-effective
screening or evaluation of candidate ring and liner materials. A
reciprocating sliding arrangement is used to simulate the
contact that occurs between a piston ring and its mating liner
near the top-dead-center position in the cylinder where liquid
lubrication is least effective, and most wear is known to occur.
Special attention is paid to specimen alignment, running-in,
and lubricant condition.
1.2 This test method does not purport to simulate all aspects
of a fired engine’s operating environment, but is intended to
serve as a means for preliminary screening for assessing the
frictional characteristics of candidate piston ring and liner
material combinations in the presence of fluids that behave as
use-conditioned engine oils. Therefore, it is beyond the scope
of this test method to describe how one might establish
correlations between the described test results and the frictional
characteristics of rings and cylinder bore materials for specific
engine designs or operating conditions.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.